Executive power
The Cabinet of Ministries is the executive branch of power in the Republic of Uzbekistan. President forms the Cabinet of Ministries. Upon proposal by President, the candidacy of Prime Minister is considered and approved by both chambers of Oliy Majlis.
The head of government of the Republic of Karakalpakstan is a member of the Cabinet of Ministries.
Cabinet of Ministries provides for effective work of economy, social and spiritual spheres, execution of laws, and other resolutions by Oliy Majlis, decrees, resolutions and orders issues by the President of Uzbekistan.
In accordance with current legislature, Cabinet of Ministries also issues resolutions and orders, binding for execution on the entire territory of the country by all bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations, authorities, and citizens.
Cabinet of Ministries lays its authorities before newly elected Oliy Majlis.
Law defines the activity and competence of the Cabinet of Ministries.
Legislative power
The Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the highest state representative body with a legislative power. It consists of two chambers - the Legislative Chamber (Lower House) and the Senate (Upper House). The term of powers of both chambers is five years. The Legislative Chamber consists of 120 deputies, elected from various electoral districts based on multiparty system. The Senate is a territorial representative chamber, which consists of 100 Senators.
Six deputies each from the Republic of Karakalpakstan, provinces and city of Tashkent are elected via secret ballot as the Senate members at the joint sessions of local councils ofjukorgy Kenges of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, provinces, districts, and towns, totally making up 84 members of Upper House. The rest of the 16 members are appointed by Uzbek President among those who are said to have gained much experience and served exceptionally well in spheres such as science, arts, literature, economy, and other spheres of state and public affairs, as well as other widely respected and honored people of the country.
Joint powers of the Legislative Chamber and Senate of Oliy Majlis include: to adopt the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan; to introduce amendments and addenda into Constitution; to pass and introduce amendments and addenda to Constitutional and other laws; to pass resolution on holding a referendum and setting its date; set main directions of both domestic and foreign policies and pass the state strategic programs; to define the structure and powers of legislative, executive, and judicial branches of power; to approve resolutions on adding new state structures into the Republic of Uzbekistan and cancel them; to pass the State budget and monitor its execution; to institute state awards and ranks; to form the Central Election Committee; to review and approve the candidacy of the Prime Minister proposed by President; to ratify and denounce international treaties.
As a rule, issues within the framework of the joint powers of chambers, are considered first in the Legislative Chamber, and then - in the Senate.
Those who may initiate laws in the Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis are: President, in the Republic of Karakalpakstan - on behalf of its highest body of state power, the deputies of Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis, the Cabinet of Ministries of Uzbekistan, the Constitutional, Supreme, and Supreme Economic Courts, as well as Prosecutor General of Uzbekistan.
Law takes effect once it is passed by Legislative Chamber and approved by Senate, signed by President, and further officially published on the press.
Out of its deputies, the Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis elects the Speaker and his/her deputies. And Senators elect the Chairman and deputies of the Senate. The former is elected upon the proposal of his/her candidacy by President. The representative of Karakalpakstan serves as one of the deputies of the Chairman of Senate.
Judicial power
Constitutional Court, Supreme Court and Supreme Economic Court, Supreme and Economic Courts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, as well as town, district and economic courts make up one judicial system of the country. It is independent of legislature and executive branches. Extraordinary courts are not allowed. Law secures the inviolability of judges.
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan considers cases on constitutionality of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, decrees issued by both chambers of Oliy Majlis, President, central and local government bodies, as well as international treaties with participation of Uzbekistan, and other commitments on the part of Uzbekistan. Supreme Court is a highest judiciary body on civil, criminal and administrative legal cases. Its decisions are final and binding for execution on the entire territory of Uzbekistan.
The court hearings are held openly. Closed hearings are allowed only in cases secured by law.
The legal proceedings are held in Uzbek, Kara-Kalpak languages, or the language of the area's majority. The defendant, who doesn't have a command of language used in proceedings, is fully authorized to review his/her case, participate in the hearings via an interpreter, and speak one's own language.
Defendant may seek professional legal aid during any stage of investigation and legal proceedings.
Citizens, enterprises, institutions, and organizations may seek solicitors' legal aid. Law defines their activity.
The Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan and subordinate to him/her prosecutors secure exact and uniform execution of laws on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Upon concurrence of the Prosecutor General, the Kara-Kalpak highest legislative body appoints the Prosecutor of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The term of office of the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Prosecutor of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, prosecutors of provinces, districts, and towns, is five years.
Private, cooperative enterprises, public groups that independently carry out search and investigation case on the fight against crime, are not allowed on the territory of the country.
Provinces of Uzbekistan :
- Toshkent Shahar
- Andijon Province
- Buxoro Province
- Farg‘ona Province
- Jizzax Province
- Namangan Province
- Navoiy Province
- Qashqadaryo Province
- Samarqand Province
- Sirdaryo Province
- Surxondaryo Province
- Toshkent Province
- Xorazm Province
- Qoraqalpog‘iston autonomous republic
